{"id":266,"date":"2021-03-19T22:38:03","date_gmt":"2021-03-19T22:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/?p=266"},"modified":"2022-04-11T20:24:23","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T20:24:23","slug":"100-days-of-learning-day-10-11-connecting-to-mariadb-from-python-and-openfaas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/100-days-challenge\/100-days-of-learning-day-10-11-connecting-to-mariadb-from-python-and-openfaas\/","title":{"rendered":"100 Days of Learning: Day 10 & 11 \u2013 Connecting to MariaDB from Python and OpenFaaS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Photo by benjamin lehman<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is my Log book<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Git repository<\/a> for the functions.<\/p>\n

Adding MariaDB connector as a dependency<\/h2>\n

Continuing on from yesterday where I had a mocked API in place, the next phase is to add storage for the lego database.<\/p>\n

I will be using SQLAlchemy<\/a> as the ORM layer and this will connect to the MariaDB instance I have setup in AWS RDS. In other to connect to MariaDB I will need to use mysql-connector<\/s> MariaDB connector<\/a><\/p>\n

Develop and test locally<\/h2>\n

Instead of doing trial and error development, I want to develop and test the Python code locally on my machine first and once I know it works it can be transferred to the OpenFaaS code.<\/p>\n

$ cd legodb\/legodb\n$ ls\nhandler.py        requirements.txt\n\n# Install and activate a virtual environment\n$ python3 -m venv .\/venv\n$ source venv\/bin\/activate\n(venv)$\n\n(venv)$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Installing mariadb-connector-c and mariadb (connector)<\/h3>\n
(venv)$ brew install mariadb-connector-c\n(venv)$ pip install mariadb\n\nCollecting mariadb\n  Using cached mariadb-1.0.6.tar.gz (67 kB)\nUsing legacy 'setup.py install' for mariadb, since package 'wheel' is not installed.\nInstalling collected packages: mariadb\n    Running setup.py install for mariadb ... done\nSuccessfully installed mariadb-1.0.6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
The MariaDB connector for Python requires the MariaDB connector for C to be installed first. This is going to be a learning curve later to see how I get the faas-cli + template + faasd to install these dependencies (including C ones on basically an Ubuntu image)<\/p>\n
Make a test connection<\/h3>\n
First I am testing to see if the connector is working and that I can connect to AWS database.<\/p>\n
(venv)$ python\n>>> import mariadb\n>>> connection = mariadb.connect(user="admin", \\\npassword="DA_PASSWORD", \\\nhost="xyzabc.rds.amazonaws.com", \\\nport=3306,database="openfaasdb")\n>>> cursor = connection.cursor()\n>>> cursor.execute("SELECT Description FROM openfaasdb.legosets")\n>>> for description in cursor:\n...     print(description)\n...\n('Pirates of Barracuda Bay',)\n('Medieval Blacksmith',)\n>>> exit() # This is a bit like the "how do you quit vim?"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Nice! Ok next test is to add it to the handler.py and see if we can get the dependencies to install correctly on faasd.<\/p>\n
Configure function and dependencies<\/h2>\n
# Update the requirments.txt to include the packages we have installed locally\n(venv)$ pip freeze > requirements.txt\n(venv)$ cat requirements.txt\nmariadb==1.0.6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
I am 100% sure that running faas-cli up will explode because we need a way to also specify that mariadb-connector-c be installed. If faas-cli doesn’t explode then faasd surely will.<\/p>\n
$ faas-cli up -f legodb.yml\n...\n#22 [stage-1 14\/18] COPY function\/requirements.txt\t.\n#22 sha256:333b1ca8a3738bc696305e1b571339f0dd690a63f9211340f23111e9be70c1ed\n#22 DONE 0.2s\n\n#23 [stage-1 15\/18] RUN pip install --user -r requirements.txt\n#23 sha256:bc0ee19013bf0423e61eb77d7d2f6e9ae7fc90b25b9557e7d451250819bb3c0d\n#23 1.848 Collecting mariadb==1.0.6\n#23 2.017   Downloading mariadb-1.0.6.tar.gz (67 kB)\n#23 2.286     ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:\n...\n#23 2.286     OSError: mariadb_config not found.\n#23 2.286\n#23 2.286     Please make sure, that MariaDB Connector\/C is installed on your system.\n#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ok that confirms at least that during faas-cli build it will explode.<\/p>\n
Down the rabbit hole<\/h3>\n
My suspicion earlier was spot on that it was going to be a learning curve to figure out how to get other non-python dependencies working.<\/p>\n
I read a number of docs and tutorials and even came across a github issue for OpenFaaS that described you can pass values to the template’s Dockerfile from you yaml file. But sometimes you will read a lot of things and the brain has not yet made all the required connections.<\/p>\n
Below I will describe the process I went through to figure this out.<\/p>\n
# 1st attempt, I edited template.yml\nbuild_options:\n  - name: dev\n    packages:\n      ... \n      - mariadb-connector-c\n# Failed in the same way about not being able to find mariadb_config\n\n# 2nd attempt, I edited legodb.yml\nfunctions:\n  legodb:\n    ...\n    build_args:\n      # ADDITIONAL_PACKAGE is used in the Dockerfile\n      ADDITIONAL_PACKAGE: mariadb-connector-c\n# Failed in the same way\n\n# 3rd attempt, I found a StackOverflow post about that you might also need mariadb-dev\n    ADDITIONAL_PACKAGE: mariadb-dev mariadb-connector-c\n# Ok we are getting somewhere, the error is now about not being able to find gcc\n\n# 4th attempt\n    ADDITIONAL_PACKAGE: gcc mariadb-dev mariadb-connector-c\n# Now the error is about gcc not being able to find limits.h header file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Clearly I need help here. So I joined the OpenFaaS Slack<\/a> and asked for help on this. Also I called it quits at this stage for the night.<\/p>\n
Next day I got a reply from Richard Gee<\/a> saying that the build_options would be a better place for this and pointed me to the docs<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Ironically my 1st attempt was on the right path, but the missing bit was that I assumed that the packages from the template.yml was being used during faas-cli build<\/code>. Turns out you have to pass --build-option dev<\/code> to install the listed packages.<\/p>\n
# template.yml\nlanguage: python3-http\nfprocess: python index.py\nbuild_options:\n  - name: dev\n    packages: \n      # ... Added the following 2 packages\n      - mariadb-dev\n      - mariadb-connector-c\n\n$ faas-cli up --build-option dev -f legodb.yml\n# This worked!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Getting the list of Lego sets from MariaDB<\/h2>\n
First we need to start using secrets and environment variables to pass the database details to the OpenFaaS function.<\/p>\n
version: 1.0\nprovider:\n  name: openfaas\n  gateway: http:\/\/192.168.64.4:9999\nfunctions:\n  legodb:\n    lang: python3-http\n    handler: .\/legodb\n    image: andrejacobs42\/legodb:latest\n    environment:\n      database-name: openfaasdb\n      database-port: 3306\n    secrets:\n      - database-host\n      - database-user\n      - database-password\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Supply the secrets to the faasd instance.<\/p>\n
# Copy the hostname and then create secret\n$ pbpaste | faas-cli secret create database-host\nCreating secret: database-host\nCreated: 200 OK\n\n# Copy the username and then create secret\n$ pbpaste | faas-cli secret create database-user\n\n# Copy the password and then create secret\n$ pbpaste | faas-cli secret create database-password\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
I will be using MariaDB directly to query the database.<\/p>\n
import os\nimport json\nimport mariadb\n\n# GET \/legosets : Returns the list of lego sets\n# POST \/legoset : Add a new lego set to the database\n\ndef handle(event, context):\n    response = {'statusCode': 400}\n\n    if event.method == 'GET':\n        if event.path == '\/legosets':\n            legosets = get_list_of_legosets()\n            response = {'statusCode': 200, \n                'body': legosets,\n                'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application\/json'}\n                }\n    elif event.method == 'POST':\n        if event.path == '\/legoset':\n            response = add_new_legoset(event.body)\n   \n    return response\n\ndef load_secret(name):\n    filepath = os.path.join('\/var\/openfaas\/secrets\/', name)\n    with open(filepath) as f:\n        secret = f.read()\n    return secret\n\ndef database_connection():\n    host = load_secret('database-host')\n    user = load_secret('database-user')\n    password = load_secret('database-password')\n    database_name = os.environ.get('database-name')\n    database_port = int(os.environ.get('database-port', '3306'))\n\n    try:\n        connection = mariadb.connect(\n            user=user,\n            password=password,\n            host=host,\n            port=database_port,\n            database=database_name\n        )\n        return connection\n    except mariadb.Error as error:\n        print(f"Error: {error}")\n        return None\n\ndef get_list_of_legosets():\n    try:\n        connection = database_connection()\n        cursor = connection.cursor()\n        cursor.execute("SELECT LegoID, Description FROM legosets")\n        result = []\n        for legoID, description in cursor:\n            result.append({ "legoID": legoID, "description": description})\n        return {"sets": result}\n    except mariadb.Error as error:\n        print(f"Error{error}")\n        return {"error": f"{error}"}\n\ndef add_new_legoset(body):\n    response = None\n    try:\n        inputJSON = json.loads(body.decode('utf8').replace("'", '"'))\n        response = {\n            'statusCode': 200,\n            'body': {'received': inputJSON},\n            'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application\/json'}\n        }\n    except ValueError:\n        response = {\n            'statusCode': 400,\n            'body': {'reason': 'Invalid JSON'},\n            'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application\/json'}\n         }\n    return response\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Build and test<\/p>\n
$ faas-cli up --build-option dev -f legodb.yml\n$ curl -s http:\/\/192.168.64.4:9999\/function\/legodb\/legosets | jq\n{\n  "sets": [\n    {\n      "description": "Pirates of Barracuda Bay",\n      "legoID": 21322\n    },\n    {\n      "description": "Medieval Blacksmith",\n      "legoID": 21325\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Next actions<\/h3>\n
Tomorrow I will start exploring the use of SQLAlchemy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Photo by benjamin lehman on Unsplash […]<\/p>\n
Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[39,36,23],"yoast_head":"\n100 Days of Learning: Day 10 & 11 \u2013 Connecting to MariaDB from Python and OpenFaaS - Andr\u00e9 Jacobs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Day 10 and 11 of 100 complete. 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