{"id":298,"date":"2021-03-26T15:16:12","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T15:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/?p=298"},"modified":"2022-04-11T20:24:23","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T20:24:23","slug":"home-automation-enable-ssh-on-home-assistant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/home-automation\/home-automation-enable-ssh-on-home-assistant\/","title":{"rendered":"Home Automation &#8211; Enable SSH on Home Assistant"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-markdown\"><p>As part of <a href=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/100-days-challenge\/100-days-of-learning-day-18-setup-raspberry-pi-to-boot-of-a-ssd-via-usb-for-home-assistant\/\">Day 18<\/a> of my <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/andrejacobs\/100DayChallenges\/blob\/main\/2021%20March\/100DaysOfLearning\/100DaysOfLearning.md\">100 Days of Learning<\/a> I wanted to upgrade my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.home-assistant.io\/\">Home Assistant<\/a> setup to run from an external SSD. There is a well known issue that SD cards on Raspberry Pis corrupt after a while and also I didn&#8217;t want Home Assistant to fill up the SD card too quickly.<\/p>\n<p>I am running Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi 3B and I would like to be able to SSH into it. By default the Home Assistant OS does not have SSH enabled and you need to install an add-on to be able to do this.<\/p>\n<h3>SSH into the Raspberry Pi 3B<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">$ ssh homeassistant.local\nssh: connect to host homeassistant.local port 22: Connection refused\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>You need to install an add-on to get SSH working. But first you need to <a href=\"http:\/\/homeassistant.local:8123\/profile\">enable Advanced mode<\/a> so that extra add-ons can be searched for on the dashboard.<\/p>\n<p>To install the add-on go to the Supervisor <a href=\"http:\/\/homeassistant.local:8123\/hassio\/store\">Add-on Store<\/a> and search for ssh.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/search-addons.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>I am installing the Official &quot;Terminal &amp; SSH&quot; add-on because the community one&#8217;s security rating is pretty low.<\/p>\n<p>Enabled the Watchdog and Show in sidebar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SSH-addon.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Interestingly this comes with a web terminal.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/addon-terminal.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Remote SSH access from the network is disabled by default.<\/strong> +10 in my book.<\/p>\n<p>I will generate a new SSH key pair to be used only with Home Assistant and this Raspberry Pi.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant -C &quot;Home Assistant RPi&quot;\n\nGenerating public\/private rsa key pair.\nEnter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):\nEnter same passphrase again:\nYour identification has been saved in .ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant.\nYour public key has been saved in .ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant.pub.\nThe key fingerprint is:\nSHA256:i0MllcT0ioS\/6ab9vD\/gsVNOmnMBCYrP17w4gBS4QuY Home Assistant RPi\nThe key's randomart image is:\n+---[RSA 4096]----+\n| .     ++.       |\n|.o.  ...o.       |\n|+. o..o....      |\n|oEo .o +o.       |\n|.. +  +oS.       |\n|  . +..+=.+      |\n|     o=o.@ .     |\n|     o+oO +      |\n|    .ooo+*..     |\n+----[SHA256]-----+\n\n# Added this to my Mac's keychain\n$ ssh-add -K ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Added the newly created id_rsa_homeassistant and .pub file to my password manager.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly enough I have always wondered about what this randomart is about and <a href=\"https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/22535\/what-is-randomart-produced-by-ssh-keygen\">it turns out<\/a> that it is supposed to be a visual way for humans to identify if the server you are connecting to is what you would expect. However I have never seen this other than during the key generation phase.<\/p>\n<p>Configure the SSH server. Go to the Configuration tab for the add-on.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># First you will need to copy the PUBLIC key\n$ cat ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant.pub | pbcopy\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Add the public key to the authorized_keys section and save. To expose the port from the docker container to the host OS enter a port number in the Network section and save.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SSH-config.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Check the log tab to confirm it is working on Home Assistant.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[10:37:38] INFO: Starting the SSH daemon...\nServer listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.\nServer listening on :: port 22.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Connect using SSH. I like to have a SSH key pair per host I connect to and thus for the initial test connection I specify the key to use (option <code>-i<\/code>) before I add this to my <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> file. Because of my config I need to also tell ssh to use the publickey or the connections will be denied. As a bonus I figured I would give this visual randomart thing a try as well (<code>-o VisualHostKey=yes<\/code>).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">$ ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant -o PreferredAuthentications=publickey -o VisualHostKey=yes root@homeassistant.local\nHost key fingerprint is SHA256:A98IsXgCboFFWUTG64OclRgiH0uMsSaUCpIaV5NJ9Ds\n+---[ECDSA 256]---+\n|.X*XXo.          |\n|@+B+++ o         |\n|OBo=oo*          |\n|=.+ +o = o       |\n| . =  E S .      |\n|  + o  . .       |\n|     .           |\n|                 |\n|                 |\n+----[SHA256]-----+\n\n| |  | |                          \/\\           (_)   | |            | |\n| |__| | ___  _ __ ___   ___     \/  \\   ___ ___ _ ___| |_ __ _ _ __ | |_\n|  __  |\/ _ \\| '_ \\ _ \\ \/ _ \\   \/ \/\\ \\ \/ __\/ __| \/ __| __\/ _\\ | '_ \\| __|\n| |  | | (_) | | | | | |  __\/  \/ ____ \\\\__ \\__ \\ \\__ \\ || (_| | | | | |_\n|_|  |_|\\___\/|_| |_| |_|\\___| \/_\/    \\_\\___\/___\/_|___\/\\__\\__,_|_| |_|\\__|\n\nWelcome to the Home Assistant command line.\n\nSystem information\n  IPv4 addresses for eth0:  192.168.1.69\/24\n  IPv6 addresses for eth0:  fe80::4dbc:b38d:4441:bf58\/64\n  IPv4 addresses for wlan0:\n\n  OS Version:               Home Assistant OS 5.12\n  Home Assistant Core:      2021.3.4\n\n  Home Assistant URL:       http:\/\/homeassistant.local:8123\n  Observer URL:             http:\/\/homeassistant.local:4357\n~ $\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ok that worked so I can now add it to my <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> so that the command just becomes <code>ssh root@homeassistant.local<\/code> from now on.<\/p>\n<pre><code># ~\/.ssh\/config\n\n# Home Assistant running on Rasperry Pi\nHost homeassistant.local\n\tHostName homeassistant.local\n\tPreferredAuthentications publickey\n\tIdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa_homeassistant\n\tIdentitiesOnly yes\n  VisualHostKey=yes\n\tPort 22\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>After that worked I changed the port number in the Configuration tab as well as my <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> file. I rarely use default ports.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/andrejacobs.org\/home-automation\/home-automation-enable-ssh-on-home-assistant\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,29],"tags":[30,31],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Home Automation - Enable SSH on Home Assistant - Andr\u00e9 Jacobs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this post I will show you how I have enabled SSH in Home Assistant OS running on a Raspberry Pi 3B. 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